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freedom of speech
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natural rights
freedom of expression

News •

Press watchdog accused of chilling effect on free speech over trans writer ruling • Dec. 10, 2024, 9:52 AM ET (The Telegraph)
Authority Rejects Allegations Of Shrinking Civic Space Amid CSO Suspensions, Rising Concern • Nov. 29, 2024, 9:10 PM ET (The Reporter)

freedom of speech, right, as stated in the 1st and 14th Amendments to the Constitution of the United States, to express information, ideas, and opinions free of government restrictions based on content. A modern legal test of the legitimacy of proposed restrictions on freedom of speech was stated in the opinion by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. in Schenk v. U.S. (1919): a restriction is legitimate only if the speech in question poses a “clear and present danger”—i.e., a risk or threat to safety or to other public interests that is serious and imminent. Many cases involving freedom of speech and of the press also have concerned defamation, obscenity, and prior restraint (see Pentagon Papers). See also censorship.

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.