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history of Ukraine
Table of Contents
Introduction
Prehistory
Kyivan (Kievan) Rus
Lithuanian and Polish rule
Social changes
Religious developments
The Cossacks
The Khmelnytsky insurrection
The Ruin
The autonomous hetman state and Sloboda Ukraine
Right Bank and western Ukraine until the Partitions of Poland
Ukraine under direct imperial Russian rule
Western Ukraine under the Habsburg monarchy
Galicia
Bukovina
Transcarpathia
World War I and the struggle for independence
Ukraine in the interwar period
Soviet Ukraine
The New Economic Policy and Ukrainization
Industrialization and collectivization
The famine of 1932–33 (Holodomor)
Russification
Western Ukraine under Polish rule
Bukovina under Romanian rule
Transcarpathia in Czechoslovakia
World War II and its aftermath
Western Ukraine under Soviet and Nazi rule
The Nazi occupation of Soviet Ukraine
Ukraine reunited under Soviet rule
Soviet Ukraine in the postwar period
The last years of Stalin’s rule
The period of Khrushchev
Ukraine under Shelest
Ukraine under Shcherbytsky
Ukraine on the path to independence
Parliamentary democracy
Independent Ukraine
Postindependence issues
State building and diplomacy
Economic difficulties
Social developments
Kuchma’s presidency
The Orange Revolution and the Yushchenko presidency
The Yanukovych presidency
The Maidan protest movement
The crisis in Crimea and eastern Ukraine
Russian invasion and annexation of Crimea
The Poroshenko administration
The Zelensky presidency and continued Russian aggression
The Zelensky-Trump phone call and the COVID-19 pandemic
The Russian invasion of Ukraine
The Russian buildup and the Battle of Kyiv
The Ukrainian refugee crisis and Russian war crimes
Western aid, the sinking of the
Moskva
, and the fall of Mariupol
References & Edit History
Related Topics
Images
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Contents
history of Ukraine: Media
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Ukraine
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Ukraine
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Historical regions of Ukraine
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Kyivan Rus in the 10th and 11th centuries
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Ilya Yefimovich Repin:
Zaporozhian Cossacks
Zaporozhian Cossacks
, oil painting by Ilya Yefimovich Repin, 1891; in the...
Novosti Press Agency
Expansion of Russia, 1300–1796
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
battle sites during the Crimean War (1853−56)
Map showing battle sites and key locations in the Crimean War (1853−56).
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Galicia
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Babi Yar
A memorial ceremony being held near the commemorative sculpture at the Babi Yar site...
© Babi Yar Society/United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, www.ushmm.org
Leonid Kuchma
Leonid Kuchma, 2003.
Antônio Cruz/Agência Brasil
Viktor Yushchenko
Viktor Yushchenko, 2008.
© Mykola Komarovskyy/Dreamstime.com
Yulia Tymoshenko
Yulia Tymoshenko at a campaign event, 2014.
© Orest lyzhechka/Shutterstock.com
Viktor Yanukovych
Viktor Yanukovych, 2010.
Eskinder Debebe/UN Photo
Protesters at Kyiv's Independence Square in February 2014
Protesters walking amid debris and flames near the perimeter of Kyiv's Maidan Nezalezhnosti...
Brendan Hoffman/Getty Images News
Ukraine crisis: Sevastopol
Unidentified soldiers accompanied by Russian military vehicles patrolling Sevastopol,...
© Vasiliy Batanov—AFP/Getty Images
Petro Poroshenko
Petro Poroshenko, 2016.
J.C. Mcilwaine/UN Photo
Malaysia Airlines flight 17
Emergency workers examining the charred debris at the crash site of Malaysia Airlines...
Vadim Ghirda/AP/Shutterstock.com
Ukraine crisis
World leaders meeting in Minsk, Belarus, to discuss the terms of a cease-fire in...
© Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images
Volodymyr Zelensky
Volodymyr Zelensky, 2019.
Sergei Chuzavkov—SOPA Images/Shutterstock.com
Volodymyr Zelensky during the Russian invasion of Ukraine
Ukrainian Pres. Volodymyr Zelensky speaking at a press conference. Zelensky has used...
The Presidential Office of the Ukraine (CC BY-SA 4.0)
Russia-Ukraine War
A mass grave behind a church in the town of Bucha, Ukraine, April 3, 2022.
Sergei Supinsky—AFP/Getty Images
Russia-Ukraine War
Ukrainian marine Mykhailo Dianov inside the Azovstal steel works in Mariupol, Ukraine.
Dmytro "Orest" Kozatskyi—AFP/Getty Images
Vladimir Putin, Alexander Lukashenko, and Petro Poroshenko
Belarusian Pres. Alexander Lukashenko (center) hosting a meeting between Russian...
© Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images