history of logic

Table of Contents

Introduction
Origins of logic in the West
- Precursors of ancient logic
- Aristotle
  - Categorical forms
  - Syllogisms
- Theophrastus of Eresus
- The Megarians and the Stoics
- Late representatives of ancient Greek logic
Medieval logic
- Transmission of Greek logic to the Latin West
- Arabic logic
- The revival of logic in Europe
  - St. Anselm and Peter Abelard
  - The “properties of terms” and discussions of fallacies
- Developments in the 13th and early 14th centuries
  - The theory of supposition
  - Developments in modal logic
- Late medieval logic
Modern logic
- The 16th century
- The 17th century
- Leibniz
- The 18th and 19th centuries
  - Gottfried Ploucquet
  - Johann Heinrich Lambert
  - Other 18th-century logicians
  - Boole and De Morgan
  - Charles Sanders Peirce
  - Gottlob Frege
  - Ernst Schröder
  - Georg Cantor
  - Other 19th-century logicians
Logic since 1900
- Propositional and predicate logic
- Principia Mathematica and its aftermath
- Set theory
  - Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory (ZF)
  - The continuum problem and the axiom of constructibility
  - The axiom of choice
  - Problems and new directions
- Theory of logic (metalogic)
- Syntax and proof theory
- Logical semantics and model theory
  - Completeness
  - Gödel’s incompleteness theorems
  - Development of model theory
- Interfaces of proof theory and model theory
- Theory of recursive functions and computability
  - Effective computability
  - The Turing machine
  - Applications of recursive-function theory

References & Edit History Related Topics

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history of logic: Media

Images

Zeno's paradox

Zeno's paradox

Zeno's paradox, illustrated by Achilles' racing a tortoise.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

Plato conversing with his pupils

Plato conversing with his pupils

Plato conversing with his pupils, mosaic from Pompeii, 1st century bce;...

© Art Images—Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images

Rembrandt: Aristotle with a Bust of Homer

Rembrandt: Aristotle with a Bust of Homer

Aristotle with a Bust of Homer, oil on canvas by Rembrandt, 1653; in the...

Photos.com/Getty Images

Marcus Tullius Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero

Marcus Tullius Cicero.

© AISA—Everett/Shutterstock.com

Holbein the Younger: Boethius

Holbein the Younger: Boethius

Boethius, woodcut attributed to Holbein the Younger, 1537.

© Photos.com/Jupiterimages

logic: universal affirmative

logic: universal affirmative

Representations of the universal affirmative, “All A's are B's” in modern logic.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.

John von Neumann

John von Neumann

John von Neumann (right).

Alan W. Richards

Rudolf Carnap

Rudolf Carnap

Rudolf Carnap, 1960.

Courtesy of the University of California, Los Angeles

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