stringer

stringer, part-time or freelance journalist, videographer, or photographer typically assigned by a news organization to cover areas that are considered less newsworthy or that are deemed peripheral to the news organization’s coverage area. A local newspaper may have stringers in surrounding small towns, whereas major news organizations may have stringers in dozens of countries around the world, especially in areas where they have no bureau or full-time reporters. Stringers also may be used in areas that are seen as dangerous “trouble spots,” such as war zones or natural disaster sites, or for stories that would be too time-consuming for regular staff to cover.

Given that stringers usually are paid per word, story, video, or photo, they are significantly less expensive to news agencies than are traditional full-time employees. While some are paid a retainer fee to ensure their availability, most stringers are independent contractors and generally may sell the same material to multiple outlets.

“Stringing” can be a way for aspiring journalists to get their work published and to build a portfolio that will help them find full-time employment. However, some stringers may simply be informed residents or specialists of a given region or topic and may contribute to news organizations as a side or secondary job without aspiring to a career in journalism. Residents may do more work than their bylines would indicate, because they often gather information for full-time correspondents. In addition to being residents or experts, stringers in foreign countries are often spouses of journalists abroad, adventurers who freelance for the experience, or ideologues who sympathize with one side in a conflict.

Though technology such as satellite telephones, digital cameras, and the Internet made reporting from abroad more feasible for freelancers, stringers sometimes face great danger. Stringers in conflict zones often lack the protections news organizations expend on full-time reporters, such as health insurance, body armour, bodyguards, or armoured vehicles, and may seek out dangerous situations to acquire dramatic photos or footage. Many resident stringers in conflict zones keep their work a secret from friends and family and have faced death threats or have been captured and accused of espionage. Some have been killed in the course of their reporting. Despite the potential risks and lower pay, there was an increase in stringers in the early 21st century as many news organizations cut bureaus and full-time staff to minimize costs.