thought: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Classic studies on thought include John Dewey, How We Think (1910, reissued 1998); Jean Piaget, The Psychology of Intelligence (1950, reissued 2001; originally published in French, 1947); Gilbert Ryle, The Concept of Mind (1949, reissued 2002); and Jerome S. Bruner, Jacqueline J. Goodnow, and George A. Austin, A Study of Thinking (1956, reprinted 1986). Robert Thomson, The Psychology of Thinking (1959, reissued 1977), discusses experimental approaches to thinking; Robert J. Sternberg and Talia Ben-Zeev, Complex Cognition: The Psychology of Human Thought (2001), presents a general introduction to thinking and types of thinking; and Diane F. Halpern, Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking, 4th ed. (2003), observes the attainment of reflective judgment. Jacqueline P. Leighton and Robert J. Sternberg (eds.), The Nature of Reasoning (2004), is a useful collection of articles; as is Janet E. Davidson and Robert J. Sternberg (eds.), The Psychology of Problem Solving (2003).

Theoretical developments include Max Wertheimer, Productive Thinking, ed. by Michael Wertheimer, enlarged ed. (1959, reprinted 1982), on Gestalt theory; and Allen Newell and Herbert A. Simon, Human Problem Solving (1972), on computer simulation.

Frederic Bartlett, Thinking: An Experimental and Social Study (1958, reprinted 1982), treats thinking as a skill, sometimes known as the “information-processing” approach; Lev Vygotsky, Thought and Language, trans. and ed. by Alex Kozulin, rev. ed. (1986; originally published in Russian, 1934), offers historical context for Soviet research on the topic; and Alex Kozulin, Psychological Tools: A Sociocultural Approach to Education (1998), examines ways in which culture influences thought.

W. Edgar Vinacke Robert J. Sternberg

Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Modified link of Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought. Oct 18, 2024
Add new Web site: National Center for Biotechnology Information - PubMed Central - Constructive and Unconstructive Repetitive Thought. Jun 07, 2024
Add new Web site: University of Southern Queensland - Academic Success - Thinking. Apr 24, 2024
Add new Web site: College of DuPage Digital Press - Introduction to Psychology - Thinking, Reasoning, and Problem-Solving. Mar 15, 2024
Links added. Nov 09, 2023
Add new Web site: Psychology Today - What actually is a thought? And how is information physical? Aug 24, 2023
Add new Web site: Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy - Language of Thought Hypothesis. Jun 16, 2023
Add new Web site: Verywell Mind - What Happens to Your Body When You're Thinking? Jan 27, 2023
Corrected display issue. Aug 24, 2022
Types of thinking revised. May 14, 2008
Introduction revised. May 14, 2008
Bibliography revised and updated. May 14, 2008
Added new Web site: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - The Language of Thought Hypothesis. Nov 05, 2006
Article revised. Jul 25, 2000
Article revised. Jun 29, 2000
Article added to new online database. Jul 26, 1999
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