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As the ceremonial qaṣīdah during the Islamic centuries became more and more the realm of panegyric, other themes within the pre-Islamic tradition—wine, hunting, love, and maxims—emerged as separate genres in their own right. At least by the time of Abū Nuwās, who wrote during the 8th and 9th centuries, the collected works of a poet would contain sections that included, among other categories, khamriyyāt (wine poems), ṭardiyyāt (hunt poems), zuhdiyyāt (ascetic poems), and ghazal (love poems). The earliest poetry in Arabic contains much description of wine and revelry. The opening lines of the muʿallaqah of ʿAmr ibn Kulthūm are a ...(100 of 18772 words)