Icelanders’ sagas

Icelanders’ sagas, the class of heroic prose narratives written during 1200–20 about the great families who lived in Iceland from 930 to 1030. Among the most important such works are the Njáls saga and the Gísla saga.

The family sagas are a unique contribution to Western literature and a central pillar of Icelandic literature. They are notable for their realism, their controlled objective style, their powers of character delineation, and their overwhelming tragic dignity, and they represent the highest development of the classical age of Icelandic saga writing. Some scholars have argued that the artistic unity, length, and complexity of the sagas prove that they are works written about Icelandic history by individual authors of the 13th century. Others have argued that the sagas were composed orally at about the time of the events they describe and then passed down as oral tradition until, centuries later, they were transcribed. The historicity of the sagas has also been the subject of a long-running debate, often tied to questions about who created the sagas and for what purpose. Regardless of whether the family sagas are true to history, they are true to the grim ethos of a vanished way of life, which they portray with dramatic power and laconic eloquence.