Assorted References

• comic depiction
  • In humor: Situational humor
• comparison with poetry
  • In Gotthold Ephraim Lessing: Rising reputation as dramatist and critic.
• conservation and restoration
  • In art conservation and restoration: Paintings
• forgery, fraudulence, and authentication
  • In forgery: Forgery in the visual arts

movements

• Bohemian school
  • In Bohemian school
• Cubism
  • In Cubism
• De Stijl
  • In De Stijl
• Futurism
  • In Futurism: Painting and sculpture
• Impressionism
  • In history of Europe: Symbolism and Impressionism
• Mannerism
  • In Mannerism
• Minimalism
  • In Minimalism
• modern art
  • In modern art
• naïve art
  • In naïve art
• naturalism
  • In naturalism
• Op art
  • In Op art
• Ottonian art
  • In Ottonian art
• Realism
  • In realism: Painting
  • In history of Europe: Painting and sculpture
• Romanticism
  • In history of Europe: Nature of the changes
  • In history of Europe: Painting
• Surrealism
  • In Surrealism: Characteristics
• Symbolist movement
  • In Symbolism: Symbolist painting

relationship to

• drawing
  • In drawing
  • In drawing: Relationship between drawing and other art forms
• mosaic
  • In mosaic: Principles of design
• pottery
  • In pottery: Painting
• sculpture
  • In sculpture
  • In sculpture: Painting
• stained glass
  • In stained glass
  • In stained glass: 20th century
• tapestry
  • In tapestry

religious symbolism

• In religious symbolism and iconography: Pictorial

• Christianity
  • In Early Christian art
  • In England: Painting
• Hinduism
  • In Hinduism: Religious principles in sculpture and painting
• Islam
  • In Islam: The visual arts
  • In Islamic arts: Other arts
  • In Islamic arts: Islamic art under European influence and contemporary trends
• mystery religions
  • In mystery religion: Painting

styles

• Africa
  • In African art: African art in the 20th century and beyond
• Byzantine era
  • In Byzantine art
• Central Asia
  • In Central Asian arts: Sogdiana
  • In Central Asian arts: Sculpture and painting
• early Netherlands
  • In Early Netherlandish art
• First Empire
  • In Empire style
• folk art
  • In folk art: Painting
• Georgian
  • In Georgian style
• Gothic
  • In Gothic art
• India
  • In India: Art
  • In South Asian arts: Indian painting
• Jacobean
  • In Jacobean age
• Japan
  • In Japanese art: Painting
  • In Japanese art: Painting
  • In Japanese art: Painting
  • In Japanese art: Amidism
  • In Japanese art: Calligraphy and painting
  • In Japanese art: Painting
  • In Japanese art: Painting and calligraphy
  • In Japanese art: Painting
  • In Japanese art: Painting
  • In Japanese art: Western-style painting
  • In Japanese art: Japanese-style painting
• Korea
  • In Korean art: Painting
  • In Korean art: Painting
  • In Korean art: Painting
• Louis XIII
  • In Louis XIII style
• Louis XIV
  • In Louis XIV style
• Louis XVI
  • In Louis XVI style
• Neoclassical art
  • In Neoclassical art: Painting
• Oceania
  • In Oceanic art and architecture: Materials and techniques
  • In Oceanic art and architecture: Micronesia
• Pala art
  • In Pala art
• Régence
  • In Régence style
• Rococo style
  • In Rococo
• Romanesque
  • In Romanesque art
• Sri Lanka
  • In South Asian arts: Sri Lankan painting

General reference

Both Kimberley Reynolds with Richard Seddon, Illustrated Dictionary of Art Terms (1981, reissued 1984); and Ralph Mayer, A Dictionary of Art Terms and Techniques (1969, reissued 1981), include modern art references. Two works by Harold Osborne (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Art (1970), and The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Art (1981), provide extensive bibliographies. Also see René Huyghe (general ed.), Larousse Encyclopedia of Prehistoric and Ancient Art, rev. ed. (1966, reissued 1981); Larousse Encyclopedia of Byzantine and Medieval Art, rev. ed. (1966, reissued 1981); Larousse Encyclopedia of Renaissance and Baroque Art (1964, reissued 1981); and Larousse Encyclopedia of Modern Art (1965, reissued 1981).

Design

Good surveys of the subject include Frederick Malins, Understanding Paintings: The Elements of Composition (1981); and Johannes Itten, Design and Form: The Basic Course at the Bauhaus, rev. ed. (1975; originally published in German, 1963). Works on color include Josef Albers, The Interaction of Color (1963, reissued with rev. plate section, 1975); Johannes Itten, The Art of Color (1961, reissued 1973; originally published in German, 1961); Faber Birren, Creative Color (1961), and (ed.), A Grammar of Color: A Basic Treatise on the Color System by Albert H. Munsell (1969); Robert L. Herbert, Neo-Impressionism (1968); William Innes Homer, Seurat and the Science of Painting (1964, reprinted 1978); and Barbara Rose, “The Primacy of Color,” Art International, 8:22–26 (1964). The influence of photography on painting is examined in Aaron Scharf, Art and Photography (1968, reissued 1974); and Karen Tsujimoto, Images of America: Precisionist Painting and Modern Photography (1982).

Mediums

Standard works on most painting materials, supports, surfaces, and techniques include Ralph Mayer, The Artist’s Handbook of Materials and Techniques, 4th rev. ed. (1982), with extensive bibliography; Hilaire Hiler, The Painter’s Pocket Book of Methods and Materials, 3rd ed. rev. by Colin Hayes (1970); Kurt Herberts, The Complete Handbook of Artist’s Techniques (1958; trans. from the German); Maria Bazzi, The Artist’s Methods and Materials (1960; originally published in Italian, 1956), with a bibliography of important treatises on mediums and techniques; Frederic Taubes, A Guide to Traditional and Modern Painting Methods (1963); and Max Doerner, The Materials of the Artist and Their Use in Painting, rev. ed. (1949, reprinted 1969; originally published in German, 4th ed., 1933). For discussion of tempera, see the appropriate sections in Daniel V. Thompson, The Materials of Medieval Painting (1936; reprinted as Materials and Techniques of Medieval Painting, 1956). Watercolor painting is treated in Walter Koschatzky, Watercolor: History and Technique (1970; originally published in German, 1969). For treatment of ink painting, see Fei Ch’eng Wu, Brush Drawing in the Chinese Manner (1957); and Osvald Síren, Chinese Painting: Leading Masters and Principles, 7 vol. (1973). Fred Gettings, Polymer Painting Manual (1971), is a thorough and well-illustrated guide to acrylic painting. Works on other mediums include Jean Guichard-Melli, Matisse Paper Cutouts (1984; originally published in French, 1983); and Harriet Janis and Rudi Blesh, Collage, rev. ed. (1967).

Forms

William G. Archer, Indian Miniatures (1960), and Indian Paintings from the Punjab Hills: A Survey and History of Pahari Miniature Painting (1973); Mark Zebrowski, Deccani Painting (1983); Janet Woodbury Adams, Decorative Folding Screens: In the West from 1600 to the Present Day (U.S. title: Decorative Folding Screens: 400 Years in the Western World, 1982); Elise Grilli, The Art of the Japanese Screen (1971); Roselee Goldberg, Performance: Live Art, 1909 to the Present (1979); and Adrian Henri, Environments and Happenings (U.S. title: Total Art: Environments, Happenings, and Performance, 1974).

Imagery

E.H. Gombrich, Art and Illusion, 4th ed. (1972); Gyorgy Kepes (ed.), Sign, Image, Symbol (1966); Leon M. Zolbrod, Haiku Painting (1983); Lucy R. Lippard et al., Pop Art (1960, rev. ed. 1970); and J.H. Matthews, Eight Painters: The Surrealist Context (1982).

Subject matter

Howard Daniel, Encyclopedia of Themes and Subjects in Painting (1971), a concise survey of Western mythological and religious subjects; David Rosand, Painting in Cinquecento Venice (1982); Svetlana Alpers, The Art of Describing: Dutch Art in the Seventeenth Century (1983); Norman Bryson, World and Image: French Painting of the Ancient Régime (1982); Michael Levey, The Painter Depicted: Painters as a Subject in Painting (1982); John Pope-Hennessy, The Portrait in the Renaissance (1966, reissued 1979), includes interpretive discussions of the works and extracts from the artists’ letters; Kenneth Clark, Landscape into Art (1949, reissued 1975); A. Richard Turner, The Vision of Landscape in Renaissance Italy (1966, reprinted 1974); Joseph S. Czestochowski, The American Landscape Tradition (1982); Roger Boulet, The Canadian Earth: Landscape Paintings by the Group of Seven (1982); Michael Jacobs, Nude Painting (1979); and Kenneth Clark, The Nude: A Study of Ideal Art (1976).

Symbolism

Erwin Panofsky, Studies in Iconology (1939, reissued 1972), and Meaning in the Visual Arts (1955, reprinted 1982); F.D.K. Bosch, The Golden Germ (1960); Carl G. Jung et al., Man and His Symbols (posthumous ed. 1964, reprinted 1979), with excellent illustrations; Rudolf Wittkower, Allegory and the Migration of Symbols (1977), includes Eastern imagery; Paul Frankl, The Gothic: Literary Sources and Interpretations Through Eight Centuries (1960); George Ferguson, Signs and Symbols in Christian Art (1954, reprinted 1973); Joan Evans, Monastic Iconography in France: From the Renaissance to the Revolution (1970); and Jitendra Nath Banerjea, The Development of Hindu Iconography, 2nd rev. ed. (1956, reprinted 1974).

Writings

Irma A. Richter (ed.), Selections from the Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci (1952, reprinted 1977), illustrated; Giorgio Vasari, Vasari on Technique, ed. by G. Baldwin Brown, trans. by Louisa A. Maclehose (1907, reprinted 1961); The Mustard Seed Garden Manual of Painting, 1679–1701, included in Mai-mai Sze, The Tao of Painting, 2nd ed., 2 vol. (1963); Elizabeth G. Holt (ed.), A Documentary History of Art, 2nd ed., 3 vol. (1957–65); John Rewald (ed.), Cézanne’s Letters, 5th ed. (1982); Vincent Van Gogh, The Complete Letters of Vincent van Gogh, 2nd ed., 3 vol. (1978); Fernand Léger, Functions of Painting, ed. by Edward F. Fry (1973; originally published in French, 1965); Robert Delaunay and Sonia Delaunay, The New Art of Color, ed. by Arthur A. Cohen (1978); Robert Motherwell (ed.), The Dada Painters and Poets: An Anthology, 2nd ed. (1981); Marcel Jean (ed.), The Autobiography of Surrealism (1980); Wassily Kandinsky, Kandinsky, Complete Writings on Art, 2 vol., ed. by Kenneth C. Lindsay and Peter Vergo (1982), with the original illustrations; Paul Klee, Pedagogical Sketchbook (1953, reprinted 1977; originally published in German, 1925), On Modern Art (1948, reprinted 1966; originally published in German, 1945), The Thinking Eye, ed. by Jürg Spiller (1961, reprinted 1969; originally published in German, 1956), and The Diaries of Paul Klee, 1898–1918, ed. by Felix Klee (1964, reissued 1968; originally published in German, 1957); Marcel Duchamp, The Essential Writings of Marcel Duchamp: Salt Seller, ed. by Michel Sanouillet and Elmer Peterson (1975; originally published in French, 1958), and Marcel Duchamp, Notes, ed. by Paul Matisse (1983); Henri Matisse, Notes of a Painter, included in Alfred H. Barr, Matisse: His Art and His Public (1951, reprinted 1966); Edward F. Fry, Cubism (1966, reprinted 1978; trans. from the French and German); Pierre Daix, Cubists and Cubism (1982; originally published in French, 1982); Pablo Picasso, Picasso on Art: A Selection of Views, comp. by Dore Ashton (1972); Katharine Kuh, The Artist’s Voice: Talks with Seventeen Artists (1962); and The New York School, foreword by Maurice Tuchman (1970), with an extensive bibliography.