Wars, Battles & Armed Conflicts, IND-LIS
Wars, battles, and other domestic or international conflicts, whether armed or diplomatic, are often the outcome of a dispute over natural resources or a struggle for power, influence, and wealth. Major conflicts between nations, peoples, and political groups can end up shifting the cultural and political geography of the world and can also effect change, whether intentional or not, in societal values and the balance of power.
Wars, Battles & Armed Conflicts Encyclopedia Articles By Title
Indochina wars, 20th-century conflicts in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, with the principal involvement of France......
insurgency, term historically restricted to rebellious acts that did not reach the proportions of an organized......
insurrection, an organized and usually violent act of revolt or rebellion against an established government or......
International Committee of the Red Cross , international nongovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva,......
Siege of the International Legations, engagement from June 20 to August 14, 1900, during the Boxer Rebellion in......
intifada, either of two popular uprisings of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip aimed at ending Israel’s......
Ionian revolt, uprising (499–494 bce) of some of the Ionian cities of Asia Minor against their Persian overlords.......
Alexander the Great’s sudden death in Babylon in 323 bce left his leading generals locked in decades of battling......
Iran-Iraq War, (1980–88), prolonged military conflict between Iran and Iraq during the 1980s. Open warfare began......
Iranian Revolution, popular uprising in Iran in 1978–79 that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy on February......
Iraq War, (2003–11), conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases. The first of these was a brief, conventionally......
Irish Civil War, conflict in Ireland from June 1922 to May 1923 between those who supported the Anglo-Irish Treaty......
Irish Rebellion, (1798), an uprising that owed its origins to the Society of United Irishmen, which was inspired......
Irish Republican Army (IRA), republican paramilitary organization seeking the establishment of a republic, the......
Irish War of Independence, (1919–21), conflict that pitted Irish nationalists (republicans), who were pursuing......
Battles of Isandlwana and Rorke’s Drift, (Jan. 22–23, 1879), first significant battles of the Anglo-Zulu War in......
Ishtar, in Mesopotamian religion, goddess of war and sexual love. Ishtar is considered a member of the special......
Battles of the Isonzo, (1915–17), 12 battles along the Isonzo River on the eastern sector of the Italian Front......
Israel-Hamas War, war between Israel and Palestinian militants, especially Hamas and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad......
Battle of Issus, (333 bce), conflict early in Alexander the Great’s invasion of Asia in which he defeated a Persian......
Italian Campaign, (July 9, 1943–May 2, 1945), during World War II, the Allied invasion and conquest of Italy. With......
Italo-Ethiopian War, (1935–36), an armed conflict that resulted in Ethiopia’s subjection to Italian rule. Often......
Italo-Turkish War, (1911–12), war undertaken by Italy to gain colonies in North Africa by conquering the Turkish......
Battle of Iwo Jima, (February 19–March 16, 1945), World War II conflict between the United States and the Empire......
Jacquerie, insurrection of peasants against the nobility in northeastern France in 1358—so named from the nobles’......
The Battle of Jaffa, which was fought on August 5, 1192, was the final battle of the Third Crusade. It led directly......
Battle of Jajau, (June 12, 1707), decisive engagement over succession to the Mughal throne of India following the......
January 6 U.S. Capitol attack, storming of the United States Capitol on January 6, 2021, by a mob of supporters......
January Insurrection, (1863–64), Polish rebellion against Russian rule in Poland; the insurrection was unsuccessful......
Jasmine Revolution, popular uprising in Tunisia that protested against corruption, poverty, and political repression......
Jebel Akhdar War, a series of conflicts during the mid- and late 1950s between residents of the interior of Oman,......
Jelālī Revolts, rebellions in Anatolia against the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries. The first revolt......
Battle of Jena, (Oct. 14, 1806), military engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, fought between 122,000 French troops......
War of Jenkins’ Ear, war between Great Britain and Spain that began in October 1739 and eventually merged into......
Siege of Jerusalem, (70 ce), Roman military blockade of Jerusalem during the First Jewish Revolt. The fall of the......
Jewish partisan, one of approximately 20,000–30,000 irregular fighters who participated in the Jewish resistance......
First Jewish Revolt, (ad 66–70), Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in Judaea. The First Jewish Revolt was the......
In January 1127 Juchen steppe nomads captured the Chinese capital of Kaifeng and with it the Song emperor. What......
Jinshin-no-ran, in Japanese history, war of imperial succession that brought an emperor with a secure military......
July Days, (July 16–20 [July 3–7, old style], 1917), a period in the Russian Revolution during which workers and......
July Plot, abortive attempt on July 20, 1944, by German military leaders to assassinate Adolf Hitler, seize control......
July Revolution, (1830), insurrection that brought Louis-Philippe to the throne of France. The revolution was precipitated......
Battle of Jumonville Glen, opening battle of the French and Indian War, fought on May 28, 1754, also noteworthy......
June Offensive, (June [July, New Style], 1917), unsuccessful military operation of World War I, planned by the......
just war, notion that the resort to armed force (jus ad bellum) is justified under certain conditions; also, the......
Battle of Jutland, (May 31–June 1, 1916), the only major encounter between the main British and German battle fleets......
Battle of Kadesh, major battle in 1275 bce between the Egyptians under Ramses II and the Hittites under Muwatallis,......
In 1211 the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan declared war on the Jin dynasty of China. A army commanded by Subutai,......
During the first Mongol invasion of Russia (Kievan Rus), an army led by Jebei and Subutai defeated an alliance......
Kalmar War, (1611–13), the war between Denmark and Sweden for control of the northern Norwegian coast and hinterland,......
kamikaze, any of the Japanese pilots who in World War II made deliberate suicidal crashes into enemy targets, usually......
Battle of Kandahar, decisive British victory on September 1, 1880, during the Second Anglo-Afghan War (1878–80).......
Kapp Putsch, (1920) in Germany, a coup d’état that attempted to overthrow the fledgling Weimar Republic. Its immediate......
Kappel Wars, (1529 and 1531), two conflicts of the Swiss Reformation. The name derives from the monastery of Kappel,......
Battle of Karbala, (October 10, 680 [10th of Muḥarram, ah 61]), brief military engagement in which a small party......
Kargil War, conflict in May–July 1999 between Pakistan and India in Kargil, a sector of the disputed Kashmir region......
Battle of Karnal, the supreme triumph of Nadir Shah, the great Persian king and military commander. On February......
Battle of Kasserine Pass, the first large-scale encounter in World War II between Italian and German land forces......
Katipunan, (“Supreme Worshipful Association of the Sons of the People”), Filipino nationalist organization founded......
Siege of Khartoum, (March 13, 1884–January 26, 1885), military blockade of Khartoum, capital of the Sudan, by al-Mahdī......
King George’s War, (1744–48), American phase of the War of the Austrian Succession, third and inconclusive struggle......
King Philip’s War, (1675–76), in British American colonial history, war that pitted Native Americans against English......
King William’s War, (1689–97), North American extension of the War of the Grand Alliance, waged by William III......
Battle of Kings Mountain, battle in the American Revolution, fought on October 17, 1780, that saw an American victory......
Kokoda Track Campaign, series of military operations fought between Australian and Japanese troops in New Guinea......
Battle of Konya, conflict fought on December 21, 1832, between the Muslim armies of Egypt and Turkey in the First......
Korean War, conflict between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the Republic of Korea......
Kosovo conflict, (1998–99) conflict in which ethnic Albanians opposed ethnic Serbs and the government of Yugoslavia......
Battle of Kosovo, (October 17–20, 1448), battle between forces of the Ottoman Empire and a Hungarian-Walachian......
Battle of Kosovo, battle fought on June 28 (June 15, Old Style), 1389, at Kosovo Polje (“Field of the Blackbirds,”......
Kronshtadt Rebellion, (March 1921), one of several major internal uprisings against Soviet rule in Russia after......
Battle of Kulikovo, military engagement fought on September 8, 1380, near the Don River, celebrated as the first......
Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), militant Kurdish nationalist organization founded by Abdullah (“Apo”) Öcalan in......
Battle of Kursk, (July 5–August 23, 1943), unsuccessful German assault on the Soviet salient around the city of......
Battle of Königgrätz, (July 3, 1866), decisive battle during the Seven Weeks’ War between Prussia and Austria,......
The Siege of La Rochelle (1627–28) effectively ended the final Huguenot (French Protestant) rebellion against the......
Battle of Lake Erie, (Sept. 10, 1813), major U.S. naval victory in the War of 1812, ensuring U.S. control over......
In the Battle of Lake Maracaibo on July 24, 1823, José Prudencio Padilla led the 22-vessel fleet of Simón Bolívar’s......
Battle of Lake Okeechobee, battle in Florida territory fought December 25–28, 1837, between U.S. forces under the......
Lamian War, conflict in which Athenian independence was lost despite efforts by Athens and its Aetolian allies......
launch on warning (LOW), military strategy that allows high-level commanders to launch a retaliatory nuclear-weapons......
Lebanese Civil War, 15-year civil conflict in Lebanon that began in 1975 and ended in 1990. It emanated from the......
2006 Lebanon War, a war between Israel and Hezbollah that began on July 12, 2006, and ended on August 14. Its proximate......
On April 9, 1241, at the Battle of Legnica, Mongol raiders in Poland routed a European army containing Christian......
Battle of Leipzig, (Oct. 16–19, 1813), decisive defeat for Napoleon, resulting in the destruction of what was left......
Leisler’s Rebellion, uprising in New York in 1689–91 led by Jacob Leisler, then one of the English province’s wealthiest......
Lelantine War, conflict arising during the late 8th century bce from colonial disputes and trade rivalry between......
Siege of Leningrad, prolonged siege (September 8, 1941–January 27, 1944) of the city of Leningrad (St. Petersburg)......
Battle of Lepanto, (October 7, 1571), naval engagement in the waters off southwestern Greece between the allied......
letter of marque, the name given to the commission issued by a belligerent state to a private shipowner authorizing......
Battle of Leuctra, battle fought on July 6, 371 bce, in Boeotia, Greece, that made Thebes the leading military......
Battles of Lexington and Concord, (April 19, 1775), initial skirmishes between British regulars and American provincials,......
Battle of Leyte Gulf, (October 23–26, 1944), decisive air and sea battle of World War II that crippled the Japanese......
In early 2011, amid a wave of popular protest in countries throughout the Middle East and North Africa, largely......
Charge of the Light Brigade, disastrous British cavalry charge against heavily defended Russian troops at the Battle......
limited nuclear options (LNO), military strategy of the Cold War era that envisioned a direct confrontation between......
Lindisfarne raid, Viking assault in 793 on the island of Lindisfarne (Holy Island) off the coast of what is now......
The capture of the city of Lisbon from the Almoravid Muslims in October 1147 after a months-long siege was a by-product......
This is an alphabetically ordered list of land-fought battles. With the exception of ancient battles, the list......
This is a list of wars ordered chronologically by the year that hostilities were initiated. (See also war; law......