natrolite

natrolite, hydrated sodium aluminosilicate mineral, Na₂Al₂Si₃O₁₀·2H₂O, in the zeolite family. It has been found in the form of colourless or white, glassy, slender crystals or fibrous masses filling cavities or fissures in basaltic rocks, as in Trentino, Italy; Brevik, Nor.; Belfast, N.Ire.; the Faroe Islands; and northeastern New Jersey, U.S. Natrolite was one of the first zeolite minerals for which cation-exchange properties (dissolved sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium readily replacing one another in the molecular structure) were discovered. It is used in softening water.

Natrolite is the principal member of a group of zeolite minerals whose molecular structure is predominantly chains of linked silicate and aluminate tetrahedra (four oxygen atoms arranged at the points of a triangular pyramid about a central silicon or aluminum atom); the relative scarcity of lateral bonds between chains results in the characteristic fibrous appearance of the group. Other zeolites in the natrolite group are mesolite, scolecite, thomsonite, and gonnardite; all have similar modes of occurrence, molecular structures, and physical properties, even though they have different crystal symmetries: mesolite and scolecite crystallize in the monoclinic system (three unequal axes with one inclined to the plane of the other two), whereas natrolite, thomsonite, and gonnardite crystallize in the orthorhombic system (three unequal axes at right angles to one another). Mesolite is chemically intermediate between natrolite and scolecite. For chemical formulas and detailed physical properties, see zeolite (table).