seawater: References & Edit History
More Articles On This Topic
Assorted References
- air–sea interface
- aquarium maintenance
- aquatic ecosystems
- Caspian Sea comparison
- crude oil
- distribution
- estuaries
- In estuary
- evaporite rock formation
- hydrologic cycle
- liquid state
- mineral deposits
- steel durability in harbours
- storage of fish
- titanium corrosion
- volcanogenic massive sulfides
chemical composition
- bromine
- chlorine
- hydrosphere
- magnesium
- salt
desalination
- In desalination
- solar-powered desalination unit
scientific exploration
- Ekman’s contributions
- geochronology and isotope analysis
- ion exchange methods
- Mars
Additional Reading
Thorough descriptions of each of the many subdisciplines in chemical oceanography can be found in Frank J. Millero, Chemical Oceanography, 3rd ed. (2006). John Wright and Angela Colling (eds.), Seawater: Its Composition, Properties, and Behaviour, 2nd ed. (1995, reprinted 2007), provides a concise and readable description of seawater.
The Editors of Encyclopaedia BritannicaArticle Contributors
Primary Contributors
- Alyn C. Duxbury
-
Robert Howard Byrne
Distinguished Research Professor of Marine Science, University of South Florida at St. Petersburg.
- Fred T. Mackenzie
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Other Encyclopedia Britannica Contributors
Article History
| Type | Description | Contributor | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Add new Web site: PNAS - Global variability in seawater Mg:Ca and Sr:Ca ratios in the modern ocean. | Nov 08, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: Nature - npj Clean Water - Seawater desalination concentratea new frontier for sustainable mining of valuable minerals. | Jul 10, 2024 | ||
| Add new Web site: University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Library - The Salty Sea. | Dec 01, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Geosciences LibreTexts - Properties of Seawater. | Oct 05, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: NOAA National Weather Service - Sea Water. | May 30, 2023 | ||
| Added a cross-reference to salinity. | Apr 13, 2023 | ||
| Add new Web site: Massachusetts Institute of Technology - Surface Tension of Seawater. | Feb 27, 2023 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Apr 28, 2022 | ||
| Media added. | Nov 05, 2020 | ||
| Added information on noise pollution and ocean warming. | Nov 05, 2020 | ||
| Removed table. | Aug 14, 2018 | ||
| Added video. | Jan 16, 2015 | ||
| Deleted map. | Mar 02, 2012 | ||
| Salinity measures and other metrics updated in the section, Chemical and physical properties of seawater. | Oct 27, 2011 | ||
| Article thoroughly revised. | Sep 27, 2011 | ||
| New bibliography added. | Sep 14, 2011 | ||
| Added new Web site: Hyperphysics - Seawater. | Sep 29, 2008 | ||
| Article revised and updated. | Apr 24, 2008 | ||
| Article added to new online database. | Jul 20, 1998 |
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