Ḥosnī Mubārak summary

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Below is the article summary. For the full article, see Hosni Mubarak.

Ḥosnī Mubārak, (born May 4, 1928, Al-Minūfiyyah governorate, Egypt), President of Egypt (1981–2011). He attended a Soviet air academy and, as air force commander (from 1972), planned Egypt’s opening moves in the 1973 Arab-Israeli war. Named vice president in 1975, he became president on Anwar el-Sādāt’s assassination in 1981. He maintained relations with Israel while working to restore Egypt to its traditional position as the most influential of the Arab states. In the 1990s Mubārak’s government faced a rise in domestic terrorism, and he survived several assassination attempts. In 2005 he easily won Egypt’s first multicandidate presidential election. The first credible challenge to his authority occurred in 2011, when thousands of Egyptians rallied to protest against the repression, corruption, and poverty present under his regime, calling for him to step down. After more than two weeks of protests, Mubārak stepped down as president and left the military in control of the country.

president Summary

President, in government, the officer in whom the chief executive power of a nation is vested. The president of a republic is the head of state, but the actual power of the president varies from country to country; in the United States, Africa, and Latin America the presidential office is charged

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Persian Gulf War, (1990–91), international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed

government Summary

Government, the political system by which a country or community is administered and regulated. Most of the key words commonly used to describe governments—words such as monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy—are of Greek or Roman origin. They have been current for more than 2,000 years and have not

Egypt Summary

Egypt, country located in the northeastern corner of Africa. Egypt’s heartland, the Nile River valley and delta, was the home of one of the principal civilizations of the ancient Middle East and, like Mesopotamia farther east, was the site of one of the world’s earliest urban and literate