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The appearance of anatomically modern humans in Europe—perhaps as early as about 55,000 bce but certainly by about 35,000 bce—was accompanied by major changes in culture and technology. There was a further period of significant change after the last major Pleistocene glaciation (the Pleistocene Epoch occurred from about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago), which included the widespread adoption of farming and the establishment of permanent settlements from the 7th millennium bce. These laid the foundation for all future developments of European civilization. Knowledge of these early periods of the European past is entirely dependent on archaeology. The evidence, which has ...(100 of 156573 words)